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<title>Radio programming</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Radio programming</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Radio_program" title="Radio program">Radio program</a>.</div>

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<p><b>Radio programming</b> is the process of <a href="Broadcast_programming" title="Broadcast programming">organising a schedule</a> of <a href="Radio_format" title="Radio format">radio content</a> for <a href="Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial broadcasting</a> and <a href="Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> by <a href="Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio stations</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The original inventors of <a href="Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, from <a href="Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>'s time on, expected it to be used for one-on-one <a href="Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a> communication tasks where <a href="Telephone" title="Telephone">telephones</a> and <a href="Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraphs</a> could not be used because of the problems involved in stringing <a href="Copper_wire" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper wire">copper wires</a> from one point to another, such as in ship-to-shore communications. Those inventors had no expectations whatever that radio would become a major <a href="Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a> <a href="Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> and information medium earning many millions of dollars in revenues annually through <a href="Radio_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio advertising">radio advertising</a> commercials or <a href="Sponsorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sponsorship">sponsorship</a>. These latter uses were brought about after 1920 by business entrepreneurs such as <a href="David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a>, who created the <a href="NBC" title="NBC">National Broadcasting Company</a> (NBC), and <a href="William_S._Paley" title="William S. Paley">William S. Paley</a>, who built <a href="Columbia_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Broadcasting System">Columbia Broadcasting System</a> (CBS). These broadcasting (as opposed to <a href="Narrowcasting" title="Narrowcasting">narrowcasting</a>) business organizations began to be called <a href="Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">network affiliates</a>, because they consisted of loose chains of individual stations located in various cities, all transmitting the standard overall-system supplied fare, often at synchronised agreed-upon times. Some of these <a href="Radio_network" title="Radio network">radio network</a> stations were <a href="Owned_and_operated" class="mw-redirect" title="Owned and operated">owned and operated</a> by the networks, while others were <a href="Independent_radio" title="Independent radio">independent radio</a> owned by entrepreneurs allied with the respective networks. By selling blocks of time to advertisers, the medium was able to quickly become profitable and offer its products to listeners for free, provided they invested in a radio receiver set.

</p><p>The new medium had grown rapidly through the 1930s, vastly increasing both the size of its <a href="Audience" title="Audience">audience</a> and its profits. In those early days, it was customary for a corporation to sponsor an entire half-hour radio program, placing its commercials at the beginning and the end. This is in contrast to the pattern which developed late in the 20th century in both television and radio, where small slices of time were sold to many sponsors and no corporation claimed or wanted sponsorship of the entire show, except in rare cases. These later <a href="Radio_commercial" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio commercial">commercials</a> also filled a much larger portion of the total program time than they had in the earlier days.

</p><p>In the early radio age, content typically included a balance of <a href="Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">comedy</a>, <a href="Radio_drama" title="Radio drama">drama</a>, news, music and sports reporting. Variety radio programs included the most famous <a href="Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> talent of the day. During the 1920s, radio focused on musical entertainment, the <i><a href="Grand_Ole_Opry" title="Grand Ole Opry">Grand Ole Opry</a></i>, has been focused on broadcasting <a href="Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> since it began in 1925. Radio <a href="Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap operas</a> began in the U.S. in 1930 with <i><a href="Painted_Dreams" title="Painted Dreams">Painted Dreams</a></i>. <i><a href="L%C3%B8rdagsbarnetimen" title="Lørdagsbarnetimen">Lørdagsbarnetimen</a></i>, a Norwegian children's show, with its premiere in 1924 interrupted only by the Second World War, was the longest running radio show in the world until it ceased production in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the early 1950s, <a href="Television_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Television program">television programming</a> eroded the popularity of radio comedy, drama and variety shows.<sup id="cite_ref-listening_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listening-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1950s, radio broadcasting took on much the form it has today – strongly focused on music, talk, news and sports, though drama can still be heard, especially on the <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/kultur_og_underholdning/1.7264676">Kultur og underholdning</a></i>" (Norwegian) – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fkultur-og-underholdning%2F1.7264676">English translation by Google translate</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-listening-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-listening_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(26 November 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/broadcastingtele51unse_0#page/n1165/mode/2up">Radio Listening: 1948-1956</a>, <i><a href="Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting - Telecasting</a></i>, p. 34 (chart showing decline of United States radio audience from 1948 to 1956 -- from about 30% average evening ratings in 1948 to under 10% by 1956)</span>

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